My people have been told by these schemers, when men have been placed on the ticket who were notoriously corrupt and dishonest, that they must vote for them; that the salvation of the party depended upon it; that the man who scratched a ticket was not a Republican. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Although the exact origins of scalawag are unknown, it was in use in the United States before the Civil War as a term for both a farm animal of little value and a neer-do-well individual. How a Derogatory Term From the 1860s Remains a Political Insult. Once in the south, Carpetbaggers bought up cheap land and businesses. Scalawags had diverse backgrounds and motives, but all of them shared the belief that they could achieve greater advancement in a Republican South than they could by opposing Reconstruction. Some scalawags were established planters (mostly in the Deep South) who thought that whites should recognize Blacks civil and political rights while still retaining control of political and economic life. He also became a leader of the Exoduster movement. Furbush was originally elected as a Republican, but he switched to the Democratic Party at the end of his time as sheriff. Get the Brainly App They were among the founders of the Republican party in Mississippi. Term was originally a very bitter insult leveled at northerners who ventured into the defeated South. To White southern Democrats, scalawags were perhaps even worse than carpetbaggers, as they were viewed as betraying their own people. [15], Leading "black carpetbaggers" believed the interests of capital and labor were identical, and that the freedmen were entitled to little more than an "honest chance in the race of life. All Rights Reserved. Spanish-American War Causes & Results | Who Won the Spanish-American War? The term "carpetbagger" referred to Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to participate in the region's political and economic reconstruction. Many were former Union soldiers. 1872 Harper's Weekly political cartoon of Carl Schurz depicted as a carpetbagger, which reflected Southern attitudes toward Northerners during Reconstruction. Carpetbagger was a pejorative denomination used by US citizens from the Southern states, former Confederates, to refer to people from the North who came to live in the South after the US Civil War. She has also completed an Educational specialist degree in curriculum and instruction, and will have a doctorate in curriculum and assessment. The term came to be associated with opportunism and exploitation by outsiders. Fast Facts: Carpetbagger Political term arose during Reconstruction and became widespread. The correct option is B. Scalawag referred to radicals born in the South, whereas Carpetbagger alluded to Republicans who had lately emigrated from the North. , After a __________ in singles, a player loses the serve. He was the last Republican to represent that state in the U.S. House of Representatives, having served from 1883 to 1885. Accustomed to viewing Southernersblack and whiteas devoid of economic initiative, the "Puritan work ethic", and self-discipline, they believed that only "Northern capital and energy" could bring "the blessings of a free labor system to the region. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. In recent years the best opportunities for carpetbaggers have come from opening membership accounts at building societies for as little as 100, to qualify for windfalls running into thousands of pounds from the process of conversion and takeover. A Carpetbagger was a slang term for northerners who, after the war was over, moved to the south to take economic advantage of the reconstructing south. Partitions of Poland History, Map & Causes | How was Poland Divided? Many carpetbaggers were said to have moved South for their own financial and political gains. About 13% to 21% of district court judges were Northerners, along with about 10% of the delegates who wrote the Reconstruction constitution of 1869. Thomas Nast: The Man with the (Carpet) Bags, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/carpetbagger, Texas State Historical Association - Carpetbaggers, United States History - Scalawags and Carpetbaggers. They actively promoted public schooling and created numerous colleges and universities. The term continues to be used within the co-operative movement to, for example, refer to the demutualization of housing co-ops. The period of Reconstruction (1865-1877) began with a focus on putting the country back together again politically, economically, and physically. "Southern Railroad Leaders, 18651893: Identities and Ideologies". At first they were welcomed, as southerners saw the need for northern capital and investment to get the devastated region back on its feet. [37], Carpetbaggers were least numerous in Texas. Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. "Louis Post as a Carpetbagger in South Carolina: Reconstruction as a Forerunner of the Progressive Movement". Election of 1860 Candidates, Summary & Significance | Who Won the Election of 1860? The term "carpetbaggers" refers to Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War, during Reconstruction. Southern society during Reconstruction was a complicated landscape of competing interests. Woolfolk, Sarah Van V. "George E. Spencer: a Carpetbagger in Alabama", This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 20:00. This period is called the "reconstruction era". d Advertisement Advertisement ueydehddqw ueydehddqw Answer: A, Carpetbagger. [24], Escott claimed, "Some money went to very worthy causesthe 1869 legislature, for example, passed a school law that began the rebuilding and expansion of the state's public schools. For example, Carpetbaggers were able to purchase southern land cheaply; frequently having to only pay the back taxes on the land which could be as low as $25. Kennedy had lived in suburban New York for part of his childhood, and could claim some connection to New York, but he was still criticized. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. But "carpetbagger" did not merely mean someone who traveled and carried a carpetbag. In the history of the United States, carpetbagger is a largely historical term used by Southerners to describe opportunistic Northerners who came to the Southern states after the American Civil War, who were perceived to be exploiting the local populace for their own financial, political, and/or social gain. fault "Carpetbaggers" redirects here. The bitterness and hate created by the late civil strife has, in my opinion, been obliterated in this state, except perhaps in some localities, and would have long since been entirely obliterated, were it not for some unprincipled men who would keep alive the bitterness of the past, and inculcate a hatred between the races, in order that they may aggrandize themselves by office, and its emoluments, to control my people, the effect of which is to degrade them. [5] Although "carpetbagger" and "scalawag" were originally terms of opprobrium, they are now commonly used in the scholarly literature to refer to these classes of people. He was instrumental in organizing African-American dockworkers into the Labor Union of Colored Men, to gain them jobs at the docks after 1870. Definition and Examples, Election of 1860: Lincoln Became President at Time of Crisis. 2019. 1909. They were given this name because most people who would arrive in the South from the North carried luggage made of carpet, thus the term "Carpetbagger." 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. After returning to Ohio in February 1865, he joined the Forty-second Colored Infantry. The term came to be associated with opportunism and exploitation by outsiders. Take on political roles in reconstructing governments, Carpetbaggers were from the North; Scalawags were from the South, Carpetbaggers were politically, socially, and economically motivated; Scalawags were politically motivated. As the Reconstruction era progressed, antipathy for these carpetbaggers swelled and intensified among white Southerners, who increasingly saw them as interlopers who failed to understand the relationship between blacks and whites in the region. Fowler, Wilton B. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. African Americans made up the overwhelming majority of southern Republican voters during Reconstruction. The term carpetbagger was a nickname for Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. Many carpetbaggers were said to have moved South for their own financial and political gains. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 "[16], Many Northern and Southern Republicans shared a modernizing vision of upgrading the Southern economy and society, one that would replace the inefficient Southern plantation regime with railroads, factories, and more efficient farming. A term often associated with carpetbagger was "scalawag." During the period of Reconstruction, another group of people were greatly disliked by former Confederates; Scalawags. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The oppositive of a carpetbagger would be called a native. For them the South was a kind of new frontier and a land of opportunity. [17], Union General Adelbert Ames, a native of Maine, was appointed military governor and later was elected as Republican governor of Mississippi during the Reconstruction era. | Teapot Dome Scandal Significance. A carpetbagger is an individual who moved from the north to the south during the period of Reconstruction (1865-1877). Revels denounced Ames and Northerners for manipulating the Black vote for personal benefit, and for keeping alive wartime hatreds: Since reconstruction, the masses of my people have been, as it were, enslaved in mind by unprincipled adventurers, who, caring nothing for country, were willing to stoop to anything no matter how infamous, to secure power to themselves, and perpetuate it. Southern Newspaper Advertisement Warning Carpetbaggers, 1868. Many carpetbaggers were said to have moved South for their own financial and political gains. In general, the term carpetbagger refers to a traveler who arrives in a new region with only a satchel (or carpetbag) of possessions, and who attempts to profit from or gain control over his new surroundings, often against the will or consent of the original inhabitants. [citation needed], In Australia, "carpetbagger" may refer to unscrupulous dealers and business managers in indigenous Australian art. However, southerners quickly viewed Carpetbaggers as taking advantage of the struggling south. Democrats held most of the economic power and cooperating with them could make his future. Literally describing an unwelcome stranger with no more property than could be carried in a satchel (carpetbag), the epithet later came to refer to anyone perceived as an interloper who came to a region to exploit it against the wishes of the inhabitants. In the modern era, the use of carpetbagger endures to denote someone who has moved into a region and run for office. At the county level, Northerners made up about 10% of the commissioners, county judges and sheriffs. What's the difference between a carpetbagger and a scalawag? - History However, the Republican Party inside each state was increasingly torn between the more conservative scalawags on one side and the more Radical carpetbaggers with their black allies on the other. Ames tried unsuccessfully to ensure equal rights for black Mississippians. "[24] The historians Eric Foner and W. E. B. April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union; the U.S. Civil War was over. 3rd. Which statement is true about Vietnam today? Scalawags were another group of people that were greatly disliked by former Confederates. Ideographs, or symbolic terms so resonant with political imagery and meaning as to influence political action, include words like carpetbagger and scalawag. [1] Sixty men from the North, including educated free blacks and slaves who had escaped to the North and returned South after the war, were elected from the South as Republicans to Congress. These individuals were often perceived as opportunistic and were sometimes accused of exploiting the South for their own gain. answered expert verified The term carpetbagger was a nickname for Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. Carpetbaggers & Scalawags - History They pushed Republicans from political positions, were responsible for the Coushatta Massacre, disrupted Republican organizing, and preceded elections with such intimidation and violence that black voting was sharply reduced. Carpetbaggers were different from Scalawags, in that Scalawags were white southerners who supported the Republican Party during the era of Reconstruction. ThoughtCo. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. A Republican county commissioner in Alamance eloquently denounced the situation: "Men are placed in power who instead of carrying out their duties form a kind of school for to graduate Rascals. He was accused of using his position as governor to trade in state bonds for his personal benefit. "Legitimacy and Interventionism: Northern Republicans, the 'Terrible Carpetbagger,' and the Retreat from Reconstruction.". The Black Codes and Why They Still Matter Today. And much of that resentment became wrapped up in the term carpetbagger. E. J. Castello, of the Seventh Missouri infantry. [4], The Republican Party in the South comprised three groups after the Civil War, and white Democratic Southerners referred to two with derogatory terms. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, It is b for people who want to save their ad :). In the congressional elections of 1866, northern voters rejected Johnsons view of Reconstruction and handed a major victory to the so-called Radical Republicans, who now took control of Reconstruction. [45] British Agents used this "noise" as cover for their use of Carpetbagger for the nominated Agent who was carrying monies [authentic and counterfeit] to the Underground/Resistance. Contemporarily speaking, the term carpetbagger refers to roving financial opportunists, often of modest means, who spot investment opportunities and aim to benefit from a set of circumstances to which they are not ordinarily entitled. b D. consent of He was appointed South Carolina's attorney general from 1868 to 1872 and was elected Republican governor from 1874 to 1877. As its most basic level, the name derived from luggage common at the time, which resembled bags made of carpeting. Scalawags were white Southerners who cooperated politically with black freedmen and Northern newcomers. [34][35][36], In 1873 the state passed a civil rights law. Create your account. The term was used to describe a White southerner who worked with members of the Republican Party and supported Reconstruction policies. , still divided, but both parts are democratic. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Carpetbaggers were able to capitalize on southerners' economic troubles and begin a new business. W. B. Godbey, A.M.", God's Revivalist Office. McNamara, Robert. "Carpetbagger Rule in Reconstruction Texas: an Enduring Myth.". They were prominent in the politics of the state until 1875, but nearly all left Mississippi in 1875 to 1876 under pressure from the Red Shirts and White Liners. 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The term carpetbagger was a nickname for Southerners who worked to repeal African American voting rights laws. side-out. The correct answer: "People from the North that moved to the South after the US Civil War". Carpetbaggers moved to southern states for economic, political, and social opportunities; Scalawags were politically motivated. Who made scalawags? The earliest specific reference is in a United States newspaper in 1891. On November 6, 1875, Hiram Revels, a Mississippi Republican and the first African-American U.S. A carpetbagger is a northerner who moved to the south during the period of Reconstruction (1865-1877) for economic, social, and sometimes political opportunities. not d Which best explains why there were no African Americans serving in the US House of Representatives by 1887? The majority (including 52 of the 60 who served in Congress during Reconstruction) were veterans of the Union Army. Such individuals are seeking personal financial gain through such actions. The term carpetbagger, used exclusively as a pejorative term, originated from the carpet bags (a form of cheap luggage made from carpet fabric) which many of these newcomers carried. [12][13], Initiatives such as the Southern Homestead Act, Sherman's field orders, and Reconstruction-era legislation by Radical Republicans aimed to strip the land, assets, and voting rights of Southerners believed, without evidence, to have supported the Confederates during the war. He was a major speculator in a distressed financial paper. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), https://www.history.com/news/whats-the-difference-between-a-carpetbagger-and-a-scalawag. He once opined that "Jesus Christ was a carpetbagger. The term is closely associated with "scalawag", a similarly pejorative word used to describe native white Southerners who supported the Republican Party-led Reconstruction. 29 chapters | Historians suggest that Scalawags made up only about 20% of the southern population during Reconstruction, but that this population allowed Republican policies to control the period of Reconstruction. Who were the carpetbaggers and scalawags? - Daily Justnow Davidson, Gienapp, Heyrman, Lytle, Stoff. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. B. Vietnam is Defeated Confederates, embittered by the loss of the war, deeply resented northerners. double hit The term carpetbagger was used by opponents of Reconstructionthe period from 1865 to 1877 when the Southern states that seceded were reorganized as part of the Unionto describe Northerners who moved to the South after the war, supposedly in an effort to get rich or acquire political power. Carpetbaggers were able to vote and hold political office, unlike many southerners. . rally Investors in these mutuals would receive shares in the new public companies, usually distributed at a flat rate, thus equally benefiting small and large investors, and providing a broad incentive for members to vote for conversion-advocating leadership candidates. c Today an individual that runs for political office in a region they are not normally from can be called a carpetbagger. In practice, the term carpetbagger was often applied to any Northerners who were present in the South during the Reconstruction Era (18651877). Harris, William C. "James Lynch: Black Leader in Southern Reconstruction", Klein, Maury. "[24], Escott notes that extravagance and corruption increased taxes and the costs of government in a state that had always favored low expenditure. Some had been lawyers, businessmen, and newspaper editors. For other uses, see. And organizations like the Freedmen's Bureau, which sought to help the millions of the formerly enslaved people gain basic education while transitioning to life after enslavement, were often met with resentment and even violence. "William Hines Furbush: African-American Carpetbagger, Republican, Fusionist, and Democrat".
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