Social Problems by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. ; Conflict theorists, on the other hand, view inequality as resulting from . This is because they often felt uncomfortable seeking help from teachers when they needed it. (2012, March 15). Harrington, M. (1962). This all sounds very logical, but a few years after Davis and Moore published their functionalist theory of stratification, other sociologists pointed out some serious problems in their argument (Tumin, 1953; Wrong, 1959). Regarding the latter point, they note that poor employed adults work more hours per week than wealthier adults and that poor parents interviewed in surveys value education for their children at least as much as wealthier parents. New York Times, p. A19. If physicians and shoe shiners made the same high income, would enough people decide to become physicians? In explaining poverty in the United States, which view, individualist or structural, makes more sense to you? True. The theory posits that social stratification represents the inherently unequal value of different work. The Weberian theory of stratification is based on two key ideas: the distribution of social resources, and the social inequality that's caused by the unequal distribution of those resources. These theories are often multi-level, examining how thesestruc-tural effects interact with communities and the poor to compound theproblems associated with poverty. Cultural Sidelining: How Campus Cultures across University Contexts He suggested that there are actually three interconnected aspects of stratification that we need to consider: According to Weber, class is not as dichotomised as Marx proposed. The popularity of this belief leads many Americans to blame poor people for their poverty. Rather, it examines the differences that stratification makes for peoples lifestyles and their interaction with other people. In 1989, they represented just 60%, an indication that class divides are growing rather than closing. Stratification is necessary to induce people with special intelligence, knowledge, and skills to enter the most important occupations. Postmodernists who still believe in the significance of class reject its traditional definitions. Stratification results from lack of opportunity and from discrimination and prejudice against the poor, women, and people of color. To the extent that people accept such ideological beliefs, they are less likely to criticize the existing system of stratification. According to him, upper-class people were responsible for the condition of the lower-class people. The lower-middle class has household incomes from about $50,000 to $74,999, amounting to about 18% of all families. American Sociological Review, 10, 242249. What type of feminist was Firestone (1970)? Them thats not shall lose. Awesome A-Level Sociological Differentiation & Stratification Essays & Coursework Examples that have been Marked by Teachers and Peers allowing for the best possible results. One of the most insightful analyses of stratification that fits into a symbolic interactionist framework was Thorstein Veblins (1899/1953) famous discussion of conspicuous consumption, or the acquisition and display by the wealthy of lavish products that show off their wealth. Among Americans, smoking decreases as income increases. According to modernization theory, nations in other parts of the world never became wealthy and remain poor today because they never developed the appropriate values and practices. The five main theories of social stratification are: A strength of the functionalist theory of social stratification is that accounts for which aspect of stratification? In explaining stratification, conflict theory emphasizes ideology, or a set of ideas that justifies the status quo. When counseling Latino/a clients, assessments should be conducted in, When working with Latino/a clients, the degree of deviation from traditional gender roles should ultimately be determined by, the client in the context of cultural variables, The conflicts in gender roles in both Latina/o Americans men and women as a result of, different expectations between ethnic group and mainstream values. People can emulate whatever identity they want by purchasing it, which makes the lived experience more individualised and less define-able in group terms. Because of their race, ethnicity, gender, and class standing at birth, some people have less opportunity than others to acquire the skills and training they need to fill the types of jobs addressed by the functionalist approach. Generally, postmodernists say that systems of social stratification are much more fluid than modernist sociologists realise. As this example suggests, many people might not choose to become brain surgeons unless considerable financial and other rewards awaited them. COUN 5100 Chap 25 Test Questions.docx - Chapter 25: However, she points out that there are intersectional differences - women with different class, ethnic, and sexual backgrounds will experience these structures differently. Duncan, C. M. (2000). Functionalists argue that stratification exists because there are important roles to be played withinthe institutions whose core functions keep society running smoothly. Neo-Marxists argue that there's a third class, called the 'petit-bourgeoisie', which includes those who don't own the means of production but are more highly ranked than waged workers. SOC 101 Social Class and Stratification Notes Social stratification - a society's categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, race, education and power-Society's layers made of people-Society's resources distributed unevenly throughout the layers-People w/ more resources are the top layer Most people believe that hard work . Why is stratification by social class considered theprimary system of stratification? As per the Weberian theory, what are the three requirements for inequalities to translate into a system of stratification? Salon.com. Describe the assumptions of the functionalist and conflict views of stratification and of poverty. What is the difference between stratification and differentiation? Ehrenreich, B. According to the functionalist view, stratification is a necessary and inevitable consequence of the need to use the promise of financial reward to induce talented people to pursue important jobs and careers. Table 8.1 Theory Snapshot summarizes these three approaches. The theory of the leisure class: An economic study of institutions. THE IMPORTANCE OF STRATIFICATION Social stratificationrefers to how individuals and groups are layered or ranked in society according to how many val-ued resources they possess. Class needs to be considered a 'de-centred' concept; both one's class, and its importance relative to one's identity, are subjectively perceived by different people in different contexts. Also sometimes known as 'party', this dimension relates to political influence and connections. , such that men typically have more freedom, resources, opportunities and power than women. They argued that stratification is inevitable across all societies. In this regard, it reflects one of the early critiques of the functionalist view that the previous section outlined. The sociological perspectives introduced in Chapter 1 Understanding Social Problems provide some possible answers to these questions through their attempt to explain why American society is stratifiedthat is, why it has a range of wealth ranging from the extremely wealthy to the extremely poor. Stratification affects peoples beliefs, lifestyles, daily interaction, and conceptions of themselves. Two competing explanations developed, with the basic debate turning on whether poverty arises from problems either within the poor themselves or in the society in which they live (Rank, 2011). This is because identity is now much more individualised and less define-able in group terms. In another example, which job is more important, attorney or professor? Second, the functionalist explanation implies that the most important jobs have the highest incomes and the least important jobs the lowest incomes, but many examples, including the ones just mentioned, counter this view. Weber saw class as more of a continuum related to economic positions, which results in different life chances. Do you think it would be difficult to persuade enough people to become physicians or to pursue other important careers? The postmodern theory of social stratification argues that class is no longer relevant to sociology analysis. Counselors can address their discomfort with disabilities in clients by, One way to reduce the prevalence of elder abuse and neglect in families is to, Increase awareness through public education. In general, conflict theory attributes stratification and thus poverty to lack of opportunity from discrimination and prejudice against the poor, women, and people of color. According to Max Weber, the higher your socioeconomic status, the better your life chances. Roberts has to buy a new wardrobe and learn how to dine and behave in rich social settings, and much of the films humor and poignancy come from her awkwardness in learning the lifestyle of the rich. There are two slightly differing perspectives on this: Class has no relevance to sociological analysis, because other political ideologies have failed to challenge the current democratic landscape. al., 2010). Most sociologists favor the structural explanation. Chapter 25: Counseling Individuals Living in Poverty Test Questions Question 1 Question Type: Multiple Choice Question: According to social-class stratification theory, poverty is understood a. to be at the bottom-most rung in a hierarchical system of sociocultural power relations that goes beyond differences of income b. to be stratified and 2 - Postmodernists believe that consumption is an important part of identity construction. male dominance): These structures restrict women's life chances and freedom. Social stratification is a system in which a society ranks categories of in individuals and divides them into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige. Awareness of the sexual orientation of gay males and lesbian females tends to occur in. A professional athlete making millions of dollars a year earns many times the income of the president of the United States, but who is more important to the nation? According to this logic, inequality ensures that the most functionally important jobs are filled by the best qualified people. The German ideology. Underlying anger that oppressed groups feel but do not allow to surface. A professional athlete making millions of dollars a year earns many times the income of the president of the United States, but who is more important to the nation? Stratification results from lack of opportunity and from discrimination and prejudice against the poor, women, and people of color. Even if we do have to promise higher incomes to get enough people to become physicians, does that mean we also need the amount of poverty we have? New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. It tries to shape these ideas so that they justify the existing order and decrease the chances that the poor will challenge it. Sociological Differentiation & Stratification - A-Level Sociology We'll start by reminding ourselves of what stratification and differentiation are. Marxism is critical of hierarchies because they privilege certain groups and subordinate others. Religious beliefs help create false consciousness. For this reason, stratification is necessary and inevitable. A strength of the feminist theory of stratification is (one of the following): What is a functionalist criticism of the feminist theory of stratification? In contrast to structural-functionalists, conflict theorists argue that stratification is dysfunctional and harmful in society. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Marx claimed that the class he dubbed . For example, despite earning equal salaries, two persons may have differences in power, property, and prestige. The functionalist view further implies that if people are poor, it is because they do not have the ability to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary for the important, high-paying jobs. Functionalists see social stratification as inevitable and necessary, as it provides people with the motivation to work hard and achieve well in a meritocratic society. Let's explore social stratification theories to see how sociologists view them. SOC 101 Social Class and Stratification Notes.docx - SOC The term class first came into wide use in the early 19th century, replacing such . If this is true, we must have stratification. This keeps society running smoothly by providing structure. American Journal of Sociology, 78, 275289. American Sociological Review, 24, 772782. Causal attributions and the significance of self-efficacy in predicting solutions to poverty. According to structural-functionalists, stratification and inequality are actually constructive phenomena that benefit society: they ensure that the best people are at the top of the hierarchy and those who are less worthy are at the bottom. This ultimately leads to the creation of hierarchies, meaning that society is meritocratic. 2. This makes the theory What are the three dimensions of stratification, according to Weber? First, it is difficult to compare the importance of many types of jobs. : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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