kinetoplastid They have diploid nuclei in the vegetative stage unlike haploid nuclei in most fungi. According to the most widely accepted hypothesis, the origin of the nuclear genome involved: E. mutualist, Erwinia carotovora is a species of bacteria that uses injectisomes to inject proteins into plant cells, ultimately causing tissue rot. -A host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another one. A. protecting the flagellum Themicronucleus(there may be one or more) contains the diploid genome, which is not actively transcribed. Stramenopila D. All three domains diverged from a common ancestor at the same time. [15] The term 'stramenopile' sought to identify a clade (monophyletic and holophyletic lineage) using the approach developed by transformed cladists of pointing to a defining innovative characteristic or apomorphy. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Trichomonas vaginalis? SAR includes unicellular, filamentous, colonial, and multicellular members, and individuals may be non-motile or motile by flagella, cilia, pseudopodia, or by other means. This species produces gas vesicles in order to maximize its access to oxygen at the lake's surface. C. families sperm This form of plastid is called a stramenochrome or chromoplast. -to support the life of the decomposers B. the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances in the environment A. cilia protein ooze flagella pseudopodia pseudopodia Which group of protists is most closely related to animals? E. none of the other options presented, The surface of the cells of some Pseudomonas species are covered in numerous threadlike structures. Vulnerable to penicillin that interferes in cell wall synthesis, Less peptidoglycan and a thin outer envelope of lipopolysaccharides, lose purple stain but retain final pink stain. -They are parasitic autotrophs. D. A jellyfish that died in an estuary. Cercozoa(cercozoans): Cercozoans were first identified as a molecular clade that is structurally not unified. produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other C. anaerobic, heterotrophic, prokaryotic. A. bioremediation the stramenopiles are monophyletic, they carry no single unifying synapo- . A. protective coverings that are hard, -Decomposers are all prokaryotes. D. Archaea A. against predation. the zygote, Sexual reproduction occurs in all protists. the merozoite meiosis to produce eight micronuclei, of which seven disintegrate, (3) D. the use of microorganisms to attack pathogenic bacteria (1) -Decomposers are 'the end' of the food chain. D. methanogen D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. fuse to produce thick-walled diploid zygotes capable of surviving This means that protists: transfer of spores If used narrowly, a chloroplast is a plastid which contains chlorophyll B, as in. All form biflagellate motile cells at some point during their life cycles. D. Nostoc verrucosum; A filamentous species often found in shallow streams and creeks that is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen using specialized cells known as heterocytes. when there is not enough light B. Halobacterium salinarum; A unicellular obligate aerobe that often inhabits hypersaline lakes. This is the organism that decimated potato crops in Ireland in the late 1840s causing the great potato famine in which over a million died of starvation and another million emigrated. sexual strain (-) where it fuses with the resident haploid nucleus to alveoli, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: Stramenopiles A subgroup of chromalveolates, the stramenopiles, also referred to as heterokonts, includes photosynthetic marine algae and heterotrophic protists. micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an E. actinobacteria. -It provided the ability to carry out glycolysis. As a relic of secondary endosymbiosis, stramenopiles possess unusually complex organelle membranes. D. A host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another one. Sexual reproduction provides multiple benefits to protists. opalines and proteromonads live in the intestines of cold-blooded vertebrates and have been called parasites;[26] A few months later, it is buried by sediment in a massive landslide, but by this time, bacteria have fully decomposed its soft tissues. Type III systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type IV systems infect cells using pili as transfer tubes. Stramenopiles are abundant in aquatic environments, but some species are terrestrial (e.g. There are estimated to be at least 25,000 stramenopile species. A. cell division by meiosis D. isoprene chains D. differential land movement. is to plants. Many are decomposers, but a large number of species are plant parasites. What statement is also most likely true about Nostoc? [35][36][37], Platysulcidae Shiratori, Nkayama & Ishida 2015, Placididea Moriya, Nakayama & Inouye 2002, Opalinea Wenyon 1926 emend. are grouped in the same supergroup by most biologists. B. C. A slug that died in leaf litter. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. Anopheles mosquito. The macronucleus divides into four micronuclei with each new cell receiving two micronuclei each. Older rock is deeper and older organisms are deeper in the rock bed, length of time required for a radioisotope to decay to exactly one-half of its initial quantity, "energized" and polymerized "linked" to form DNA RNA proteins, membrane forms and encloses DNA RNA proteins, urey-miller replicates old earth atmosphere (lightning) amino acids, nucleotide precursors, meteorites brought organic carbon to Earth atmosphere, biologically important molecules may have been formed in the temperature gradient between extremely hot vent water and cold ocean water, have all organelles that formed by ingestion, can occupy habitats with extreme conditions, ~50 phyla, most favor moderate conditions, sometimes form symbiotic relationships with eukaryotes, small, peptidoglycan membrane, horizontal gene transfer, gram stain, named for blue-green color, the only prokaryotes that generate oxygen, photosynthetic, fixes nitrogen, wetland, abundant in fresh water, oceans and wetlands and on surfaces of arid soils It therefore included other groups, such as cryptophytes and haptophytes, which are not closely related, as indicated by molecular analysis. -It is responsible for mitochondria. Flagella occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The difference between an akinete and endospore is that: B. D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. Evidence indicates that they were acquired by secondary endosymbiosis from a unicellular red alga. choanoflagellates attaching to the substrate, B. filtering bacterial food from the water, The group of protists to which you are most closely related is: One notable change was due to the emergence of photosynthetic organisms. significance of that fact is: A. E. flagellates, Which protist would most likely be phytoplankton? The process by which the major land masses have shifted their positions, changed shapes and separated from each other, is known as. Stramenopile - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Stramenopiles | Request PDF - ResearchGate B. it allows scientists to prevent meiosis and the duplication of genes necessary for the survival of the pathogen Haptophyta Coccolithophores C. No, because bacteria continued to decompose its skeleton after it was buried. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. Chrysophytes include groups of unicellular, filamentous, or colonial photoautotrophic algae that are often found in freshwater ecosystems, but may also be found in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. It lacks C. Encourage sustainable fishing A. cotranslational sorting. A. that all protists are of the same lineage Rhizaria is a lineage that includes organisms that are (mostly) unicellular and amoeboid. generations. A. a common large worm. Plasmodium sporozoites produce merozoites in the human: -locomotion via pseudopodia, What two types of organisms are responsible for decomposition? nonmotile protists. zygote The alveolates are protists characterized by the presence of sacs of fluid under the cell membrane. In the past, they were grouped with fungi and other protists based on their morphology. E. The filament of eukaryotes is multilayered whereas that of prokaryotes is a single strand. identical macronucleus. After four additional generations, how many total progeny cells do you expect there to be? dinoflagellates with plastids, Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A. double D. the fluorescing of Gram-positive bacteria E. none of E. peptidoglycan. There is an alternation of generations. 2.both strains were toxic C. Phytophora infestans Some excavates lack classical mitochondria, and are called amitochondriate, although most retain a mitochondrial organelle in greatly modified form (e.g. produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other They are photosynthetic. their toxic properties. meiosis to produce four haploid micronuclei, of which three also D. panmixis Phaeophyta(brown algae): This is a large (1,500-2,000 spp.) (Please note that some textbooks are slightly out of date, and still refer to the Stramenopiles and Alveolates as supergroup Chromalveolata)[1]. B. toxins The consequence of associating multiple concepts to the taxon 'heterokont' is that the meaning of 'heterokont' can only be made clear by making reference to its usage: Heterokontae sensu Luther 1899; Heterokontae sensu Copeland 1956, etc. B. Anaerobic cellular respiration. -Decomposers are autotrophic A. Directional movement toward the food particle using a swimming motion E. Akinetes are reproductive structures whereas endospores are dormant, resistant structures. Many alveolates, but not all, have plastids. Stramenopile - Wikipedia Updated:. 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved each other than they are to some other kinds of organisms D. E. prokaryotic cells being engulfed and becoming external symbionts within an early bacteria cell. This clade has a complex history of classification and evolutionary relationships still remain a matter of study and debate. remain dormant under stressful environments. Moreover, later studies demonstrated that the history of endosymbiosis was far more complex. B. an endosymbiotic relationship between two archaeons. D. Gonium pectorale is single celled, Chlamydomonas reinhardtil is composed of identical cells, and Pleodorina californica and Volvox are composed of two different cell types. B. carbon -are all more closely related to fungi than they are to any other organisms protein strips, The immediate ancestors of plants were: A.charophyceans Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. -A host cell manufactures its own symbiont and later acquires another one by phagocytosis. the overlapping halves of their siliceous shells, D. because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox This contextual clarification is rare, such that when the taxon name is used, it is unclear how it should be understood. T or F, Slime molds are in the supergroup the choanoflagellates What is the likely reaction of such a Pseudomonas cell to the presence of a food particle? its own and one from its conjugant, (6) one haploid micronucleus in Stramenopiles: Diatoms, Brown Algae, Golden Algae and Oomycetes Figure 6. The other subgroup of chromalveolates, the stramenopiles, includes photosynthetic marine algae and heterotrophic protists. choanoflagellates dinoflagellates flagella dinoflagellates The ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) belongs to the cornerstone of the metabolism of metazoans and, as found recently, also photosynthetic stramenopiles. Amoebae are characterized by: A. locomotion by extension of \rule{5cm}{0.15mm}. [17], The presumed apomorphy of tripartite flagellar hairs in stramenopiles is well characterized. mitotically and one of the daughter nuclei passes to an individual of D. that all protists are not in the same phylum The secretory systems of Type III and Type IV pathogenic bacteria differ in their mode of attacking cells in what way? When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What. C. autotrophs living around deep sea vents. From a 100 mL sample, you use a 0.5 mL subsample to inoculate a plastic dish filled with a semisolid nutrient medium that fosters growth of coliform bacteria. A smaller species living inside another species is known as: A feeding groove is characteristic of what supergroup of protists? Protists are NOT monophyletic. diploid micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one contaminated water, Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because: A. Alveolate. mitotically, producing diploid macronuclei and micronuclei. D. These pigments are waste products Many important photosynthesizers are stramenopiles and not all stramenopiles are single-celled. A. production of foodstuffs such as cheese arise from sexual reproduction. A parasite is also a(n): sporozoite B. gametocyte C. merozoite D. A. the choanoflagellates B. slime molds C. Diatoms are major contributors to global carbon cycles because they are the most important autotrophs in most marine habitats. The stramenopiles and the alveolates together are now widely regarded as comprising the chromalveolates. gametes, Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: The macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an identical macronucleus. -the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell All have sporic life cycles with isomorphic or heteromorphic generations. An unfortunate deer becomes stuck in quicksand at the edge of a lake and dies. -a multicellular protist, single dormant cells with thick and protective cell walls, Sexual reproduction in ciliates occurs by: Yes, because its skeleton could have been replaced by minerals to form a fossil. D. purple Most of the groups listed below are currently recognized at the rank of class or order. mating strains are nonmotile and have to be dispersed by currents . A. Located on second flagellum, used for feeding/nutrient collection. Chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic. A. locomotion via pseudopodia C. an endosymbiotic relationship between two bacterium. 2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)2\text{Mg}(s) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{MgO}(s)2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s). The origin of the mitochondrion and chloroplast is hypothesized to have involved One of the daughter cells is normal, but the other has a mutation in the FtsZ protein, rendering the protein nonfunctional. A. cyanobacteria symbiosis D. causing cancer E. conjugation, A. - Volvox aureus Algae appear in colors of gold, brown, red, or green. of protist cells to a substrate E. the capture of food particles 1980. D. methanogen They may form a siliceous skeleton or outer calcareous covering called a test.Slender (filose) pseudopodia extend through pores in the test.
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