The following examples illustrate actions on contact in a variety of tactical situations. The process they use to evolve from tactical movement to maneuver, if unplanned, is "actions on contact." If necessary, the reconnaissance platoon can attack unarmored reconnaissance vehicles, such as motorcycles or Soviet-style wheeled reconnaissance vehicles (BRDMs) (Figure 3-17). (2) Wedge Formation. (1) When possible, the base-of-fire element occupies positions that afford good cover and concealment, a clear view, and clear fields of fire. Ground reconnaissance assets use infiltration most often although aerial platforms may also employ tactics based on infiltration techniques. After determining that the commander's intent has not changed, the platoon leader recommends the COA to the commander and requests permission to execute. As these patrols discover the enemy and add additional information to the platoon leader's picture, the platoon leader may determine he has sufficient information to choose and execute a COA or to make a recommendation to his commander. (d) Execute the COA. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. b. In another instance, the platoon may deploy in a stay-behind mode during defensive operations, requiring it to plan and execute movement to return to friendly controlled areas. The platoon leader ensures that primary and alternate linkup points are not on a single azimuth leading away from the OP or exfiltration route. b. What improvements does the Ground Combat Vehicle provide? If the open area is very large, the overwatch element should only remain stationary until the bounding element has moved a distance equal to half the effective range of the overwatching element's weapon system. When using this technique, the platoon could be in a column formation or dispersed in its other formations (Figure 3-9). An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. f. Examples of Actions on Contact. Ideally, the lead team moves at least 50 meters in front of the rest of the element. They can use it during air attacks or when they must stop during movement. c. Methods. The troops can then. The most common use of indirect fires is when the infiltrating unit makes enemy contact, in which case the commander or platoon leader may employ indirect fires in another sector to divert attention from the infiltration lane. From the Screen Line: Cavalry Scouts in the Army of 2020 As the Army begins its transition to fight the next high intensity conflict, mounted and dismounted reconnaissance units across the formation risk being left behind. (b) In addition, the squad in. Route Planning. Each method requires specific operational considerations, and each has tactical advantages and disadvantages. Do not rely totally on technology. RAND reports present research findings and objective analysis that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. endstream endobj 314 0 obj <> endobj 315 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 316 0 obj <>stream In this technique, the lead and trail elements move together as a unit. The lead vehicle advances to a point (first move) where it can support the advance of the overwatch vehicle. d. Techniques. Although doing so usually forces the element to make a tactical pause, it will slow the operation less than losing a vehicle and crew to a hidden threat element. A system failure, an inability of the GPS to acquire satellites, or a lag time in position updates could prove disastrous in combat if the leader relies solely on the system. He continues to inform his commander of the enemy situation and the platoon's actions. The leader obtains information about his location, the tactical situation, and the enemy. Figure 3-18. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Traveling overwatch, squads dismounted. (1) Far-Side Rally Point. The next overwatch position (the objective for the bounding element). An element (normally a section or team) maintains contact while the rest of the reconnaissance platoon continues the reconnaissance mission. The DAPS enables dismounted Army forces to shoot, move, and communicate in GPS challenged environments. Within a section, an individual vehicle or squad would do so. This means more to the nondigitized platoon than it does to the digitized platoon. The goal is always for recon units to be as small and silent as possible. The troopers then conducted a dismounted movement for 7 km with. Patrols request permission to return to the platoon vehicles. Crossing Large Open Areas (Mounted). The platoon leader designates the orientation of the coil using a cardinal direction. The U.S. Army has put its replacement for the handheld Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR) under field testing in reconnaissance and fire missions in a variety of threat scenarios, to understand its performance in a realistic operational environment. 42 42 The platoon leader issues appropriate orders directing his subordinates to prepare to support the hasty attack. Leaders use POSNAV aids to identify their location and the location of subordinate and adjacent units. To do this, they use information from the battalion S2, sensor reports on the FBCB2, and information collected by dismounted patrols. a. Dismounted Formations. The base-of-fire element allows the bounding unit to keep maneuvering so it can retain the initiative, even when the enemy can see and fire on it. (3) Choose and Recommend a COA and Maneuver the Force. The platoon sergeant ensures that everyone in the platoon has crossed and sends a report to the platoon leader. The reconnaissance platoon uses terrain features to its advantage during the exfiltration. The near-side security element observes the flanks and overwatches the crossing. When maneuvering, the platoon leader considers the following. Using any of the techniques of movement, the two forward vehicles perform all of the information gathering and reporting. Dismounted traveling overwatch. Footage of 1-9 CAV, 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division highlighting Bradley dismounted operations at Rodriguez Range. 0000008165 00000 n Troops should dismount to provide greater security. The platoon leader uses traveling overwatch when he thinks contact could occur (Figure 3-13). However, it must stay far enough to the rear to retain freedom of maneuver, in case an enemy force engages the lead element. It lets them move to covered and concealed positions off a road or from an open area and set up all-round security without detailed instructions. Table 3-2 compares squad formations. The platoon can execute a bounding overwatch using one of the methods discussed earlier in this chapter. (In the absence of orders, the direction of travel becomes 12 o'clock.) This equipment has greater optics resolution, which allows the leader to read his map and terrain association during mounted movement in limited visibility. Platoon staggered column formation. b. In this method, the trail element advances past the lead element to the next overwatch position. One version under assessment consists of a commercial-off-the-shelf tablet loaded with the JBC-P software that is coupled with an Iridium network device the size and weight of a smartphone. It also identifies previously unknown elements, and then suppresses them with direct and indirect fires. The team is incorporating components that will reduce the overall SWaP requirements while maintaining core tenants of the system currently used across the Army and Marine Corps in tens of thousands of vehicles. Making maneuver decisions normally falls to the leader on a specific part of the battlefieldthe one who knows what enemy elements can engage the maneuvering element and what friendly forces can provide the base of fire. All elements of the patrol mounted their tactical vehicles and moved to the vehicle drop off point upon completion of rehearsals. The section leader must continue to use route planning, mechanical navigational aids, visual observation of terrain features, and manual techniques to ensure that the sections are in proper position. When contact is made, the platoon executes battle drills, designated by SOP, to maintain freedom of maneuver and avoid becoming decisively engaged. (2) Squad Line. The platoon must keep an element in contact with the enemy unless specifically authorized to do otherwise. qE{ fzURVku$hzwl({`awp%r$|zze@&IfE89=E`QR^u/:Vss{8;WQ MS@|3,4U'[|fr7GYvoa^D5s) 9p6 MME?,J=SY$z(fOTXy(^]/. (2) Contact with an Unknown or Superior Force. When rough terrain, limited visibility, or other factors make control difficult, the fire team modifies the wedge. They should search for movement, reflections, smoke, and any irregular shapes or colors indicating camouflage. Using the components taken from the currently fielded mounted JBC-P system is too cumbersome and heavy for a Soldier to carry for long distances in a rucksack. (3) The far-side security element clears the far side. Situations involving electronic warfare tactics. The platoon leader also tracks his platoon's formation and movement in conjunction with the company's formation. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. (4) Staggered Column Formation. The patrol discovered that all Ops were well-manned with disciplined ANA soldiers throughout. One section or team acts as overwatch for the displacing section or team as it moves. 0000009697 00000 n To regain the use of all his assets, the platoon leader continues coordination to hand off contact to a follow-on element (Figure 3-15). Each type of formation has advantages and disadvantages. Ph.D. The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. 0000002347 00000 n From this position, he establishes local security (a hasty OP) and monitors and controls the efforts of his sections or teams. | Army Organic Industrial Base Modernization Implementation Plan. Digital maps and overlays provide the platoon with a common operating picture of the terrain and operational graphics. (b) Break Contact and Bypass. (1) Movement Considerations. One Size Fits All: the Future of the Scout Platoon and Squad This is usually more rapid than successive bounds. As an example, a two-vehicle section may use bounding overwatch (Figure 3-12). <]/Prev 486262>> The vehicle commander can retrieve the operational overlay on one layer, the enemy situation template on another layer, the fire support overlay on another, and so forth. The platoon may also break contact and bypass when it has made contact with an enemy force that cannot adversely affect the mission of the platoon's higher headquarters. Each works better in certain types of terrain or tactical situations than it would in others. Chapter 4 of this manual discusses dismounted movement techniques in detail. The platoon leader uses formations for several purposes: to relate one vehicle or squad to another on the ground, to position firepower to support the direct-fire plan, to establish responsibilities for sector security among vehicles or squads, or to aid in the execution of battle drills and directed COAs. Nicholas Belz. 0000002183 00000 n Position updates include, as a minimum, the locations of the platoon leader, his section leaders, and vehicles. The leader analyzes the terrain for routes that provide protection from direct and indirect fires and from ground and aerial observation. Conduct an attack against an inferior force. hb```b``a`c`bf@ aV(>cZ>e !7Rz5,-*xhd$!+vlq3V Z iiP ,H $> @l v$C[Ca/ \B !kl Ldg:.!Gd {O0U' The platoon employs the coil, herringbone, and triangle "Y" formations to maintain 360-degree security when stationary. The principles of land navigation while mounted are basically the same as while dismounted. All vehicles should move completely off the road if terrain allows. 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It gives them better staying power after the initial charge in combat, if they're on a horse they'll fare worse when stuck-in a blob. Open areas frequently afford the reconnaissance platoon the opportunity to observe the enemy or objectives from long ranges. US Army Chief of Staff tours III Armored Corps Warfighter at Fort Hood, Life as a US Army Wheeled Vehicle Mechanic: The Soldier experience, Innovative technology supports remediation success at Lake City Army Ammunition Plant, Club renamed for Black Army officer previously denied entrance, Hokanson: State Partnership Program stable, steadfast and growing, Letterkenny Army Depot hosts Army Vice Chief of Staff, 1st Infantry Division supports recruiting, enlists new Soldiers. The leader weighs these against his METT-TC analysis: Close terrain, dense vegetation, limited visibility conditions, Allows immediate fires to the flanks, masks most fires to the rear. In addition, it must avoid becoming vehicle-bound; it must be prepared to dismount to improve observation, prevent enemy detection, and provide security. o`grs`Kal hK`{7fq@f }j d)2>*bML5(;@ U The command and control system software on the RV can create most standard graphic control measures used at platoon level. The U.S. Army Program Executive Office Command, Control and Communications-Tactical develops, acquires, fields and supports the Army's mission command network to ensure force readiness. Once the platoon leader has enough information to make a decision, he selects a COA that is within the capabilities of the platoon, that allows the platoon to continue the reconnaissance as quickly as possible, and that supports the commander's concept of the operation. He keeps the commander informed of what he is doing as he executes the COA. Leaders move units tactically to prepare them for contact. Terrain considerations may also affect the choice of movement technique. As the terrain becomes less rugged and control becomes easier, the soldiers assume their original positions (Figure 3-9). 0000103808 00000 n It allows the platoon to cover the most ground systematically with maximum reconnaissance forward (Figure 3-3). They look for any other signs of enemy activity or any enemy response to the destruction of the vehicle. The platoon must conduct detailed coordination with any adjacent units or friendly elements through which it will pass to ensure these elements do not compromise the reconnaissance platoon as it conducts the infiltration. To enhance awareness, they may have the rifle squads give position updates at regular intervals. This is sometimes referred to as a staggered column. Virtual training puts the 'real' in realistic environment ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md. As a result, today's mechanized infantry are more at risk when transitioning from mounted to dismounted operations, and squad-level dismounted fire and maneuver is compromised in some situations. e. Making Enemy Contact at Danger Areas. Soldiers infiltrate by multiple lanes when two or more infiltration lanes are found through the enemy defense (Figure 3-20). Vehicles are positioned 100 to 150 meters apart (Figure 3-7). In all types of operations, contact occurs when an individual soldier, team, or section of the reconnaissance platoon encounters any situation that requires an active or passive response to the enemy. Description. Enemy weapons, unknown terrain, and other operational factors all increase the danger. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. DISMOUNTED MOVEMENT FORMATIONS Infantry squads normally move mounted until the situation requires them to dismount. (4) The platoon leader selects the method for the remainder of the platoon use to cross the linear danger area. PDF Assured Positioning, Navigation, & Timing (Assured - PNT) Three GCVs could carry three complete mechanized infantry squads, and the fourth GCV can carry the platoon's organic and attached enablers. The leader must determine the probability of contact and where that contact will most likely occur. The goal is to develop a kit that is lighter and smaller, has a longer battery life, and is safe for Soldiers to use while dismounted. 0000105654 00000 n The reconnaissance platoon normally uses no more than two lanes due to its size and limited resources. The battalion must carefully coordinate and rehearse employment of the reaction force and supporting fires before initiating the infiltration (or other tactical mission, if applicable). (1) Visual Contact, Undetected by the Enemy. When dismounted, the platoon leader or platoon sergeant should transmit his position location to direct the mounted elements into positions of greater advantage to provide support and maintain digital connectivity with the battalion. However, troops must approach and move through them with extreme caution. The lead element and the overwatch element see the signature of the enemy weapon system. The reconnaissance platoon and its elements may need to exfiltrate during any tactical operation or situation. The platoon always executes the coil from the column or staggered column, using the four-vehicle organization. f. Fire Support. (1) Wedge Formation. It is essential that the section or team left in contact understands what it needs to accomplish, who will execute the attack, and when the friendly unit anticipates being in position to receive handoff of the enemy. Dragoon Soldier: Historical Background - National Park Service These aids also provide directional information for movement and target acquisition, and they augment operational planning graphics such as checkpoints, boundaries, coordination points, and phase lines. However, the screen may display only a small portion of the platoon's area of operations. The lead vehicle and the overwatch element occupy positions that allow them to observe the destroyed vehicle. xref Preferably, the section leader uses hand-and-arm signals or digital communication within the section for command and control. The Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV), if developed as planned, will finally provide the infantry with an IFV that can accommodate a full squad. The reconnaissance platoon may have to conduct an emergency exfiltration if detected or engaged by an enemy force. (2) Once the bounding element reaches its overwatch position, it signals "READY" by voice or visual means to the element that overwatched its bound. Since the destruction of the enemy is in accordance with the commander's order, the section or team leader simply informs higher headquarters that he is continuing the mission. Figure 3-7. Sometimes, platoon and company team formations differ due to METT-TC factors.
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