Sometimes reading about a foreign lands makes us yearn to know more about it. [10] These religious occupations have occasioned reconsideration of the role played by spiritual concerns in Hakluyt's writings on exploration, settlement, and England's relations with its Catholic rivals. natural reason.15 The elder Richard Hakluyt was the first of a long series 15 Sir George Peckham, A true reporte, of . One of the issues discussed is the expansion desire for English citizens. Richard Hakluyt, Hakluyt, Richard BORN: 1552 . It will also propel the opening of new markets. Hakluyts reflects on the importance of planting seeds of faith in the hearts of American natives as a means of colonizing them. Hakluyt served in Paris also as a kind of intelligence officer, collecting information on the fur trade of Canada and on overseas enterprises from French and exiled Portuguese pilots. Hakluyt gave public lectureshe is regarded as the first professor of modern geography at Oxfordand was the first to display. He cites that it will provide more room for English citizens to expand and move to colonized areas, trade and regulate trade with other nations. 10 Richard Hakluyt, ne third voyage . EN. "[14] Although this was his only visit to Continental Europe in his life, he was angered to hear the limitations of the English in terms of travel being discussed in Paris.[11]. When the colony was at last established in 1607, he supplied this benefice with its chaplain, Robert Hunt. Hakluyt justifies the latter by claiming that colonization will limit the spread and expansion of the Spanish territory and subsequently jeopardize the interests of England. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. B. IV of, This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 03:18. This essay on English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View was written and submitted by your fellow [23][26] Hakluyt's handwritten manuscript, MS Petyt 529, in Inner Temple Library in London was eventually published as The Free Sea for the first time in 2004. To begin with, the interest of Britain to colonize the Western Hemisphere is a major national goal. In the dedication of the second volume (1599) to his patron, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Hakluyt strongly urged the minister as to the expediency of colonising Virginia. Richard Hakluyt's Reasons for Colonization. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. Grotius also argued that the seas should be freely navigable by all, which was useful since the England to Virginia route crossed seas which the Portuguese claimed. Create your account. What made them exciting? (Cambridge: 1877), 1-5. [5] A few copies of this monumental work contain a map of great rarity, the first on the Mercator projection made in England according to the true principles laid down by Edward Wright. The latter will, in turn, reinvigorate industrial growth and the creation of new job opportunities. Instead, he stressed the importance of occupation, which was favourable to the English as they and not the Spanish had occupied Virginia. A brief collection of certain reasons to induce her Majestie and the state to take in hand the western voyage and the planting there. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. Hakluyt's Promise: An Elizabethan's Obsession for an English - JSTOR Hakluyt was not blind to the profits arising from foreign trade. Motivation for European conquest of the New World "[11] Entering Christ Church, Oxford,[12] in 1570 with financial support from the Skinners' Company,[10] "his exercises of duty first performed,"[11] he set out to read all the printed or written voyages and discoveries that he could find. gradually changed in the direction of large and widespread colonization. Secondly, he was a persistent and able propagator of colonization and, through his numerous works, inspired many early English explorers. IV ("The Literature of the Sea") of vol. They'd also need to provide for the numerous unemployed who filled the streets of cities such as London. Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. Hakluyt is a firm believer of colonization owing to the nationalistic, social, and economic benefits it might bring to England. who was a lawyer and also an advocate of English colonization. That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1574, followed by a Master of Arts in 1577. Exploration and trade in Elizabethan England | The British Library While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. Means to keep this enterprise from overthrow and the enterprisers from shame and dishonor. 21 chapters | Richard Hakluyt presented the work privately to the queen in 1584. Queen Elizabeth was under great pressure to provide for her people. Need a custom Essay sample written from scratch by 2. As Spain took the lead in colonization, a great competition began between European powers. Among these Southern European sailors was Giovanni Cabot, known also as John Cabot, an Italian explorer who served the King of England. This was The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, which, by its scholarship and comprehensiveness, transcended all geographical literature to date; the first edition, in one volume, appeared in 1589. [5] His last publication was a translation of Hernando de Soto's discoveries in Florida, entitled Virginia Richly Valued, by the Description of the Maine Land of Florida, Her Next Neighbour (1609). Richard Hakluyt makes the case for English colonization, 1584 Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. A person named Hugo Hakelute, who may have been an ancestor or relative of Richard Hakluyt, was elected Member of Parliament for the borough of Yatton in 1304 or 1305,[7] and between the 14th and 16th centuries five individuals surnamed "de Hackluit" or "Hackluit" were sheriffs of Herefordshire. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. Proponent for colonization in the Americas- tried to lobby Queen Elizabeth to support colonization. Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. on 27 June 1577,[5][10] began giving public lectures in geography. Religious motivations can be traced all the way back to the Crusades, the series of religious wars between the 11th and 15th centuries during which European Christians sought to claim Jerusalem as an exclusively Christian space. In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. Purchas procured some of Hakluyts manuscripts after his death and used them in Haklvytvs Posthumus; or, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes of 1625. In support of Walter Raleighs colonizing project in Virginia, he prepared a report, known briefly as Discourse of Western Planting (written in 1584), which set out very forcefully the political and economic benefits from such a colony and the necessity for state financial support of the project. Under the reference "Bib. His knowledge kept England abreast of events and journeys being undertaken by other foreign powers. Around that time he became a minister. [23] However, it is not clear why Hakluyt's translation was not published in his lifetime. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. His only concern is the occupation of land for military and economic purposes because it would involve violent means. Hakluyt studied at Christ College at Oxford University on a Queen Scholarship. "[11] Hakluyt held on to his studentship at Christ Church between 1577 and 1586, although after 1583 he was no longer resident in Oxford. The conception of race depicted by Hakluyt emanates from specific circumstances, including the institution of slavery, among other historical parameters. Richard Hakluyt, A Discourse Concerning Western Planting, Written in the Year 1584, Charles Deane, ed. He carefully explores economic concerns . Richard Hakluyt, frequently referred to as Richard Hakluyt the Younger to differentiate him from his older cousin who was also named Richard Hakluyt, was a 16th-century English geographer and minister. PDF A Discourse Concerning Western Planting Richard Hakluyt (1584) Bod. Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. What is the importance of Richard Hakluyt to the history of early English colonization then? Furthermore, he points out that crime in England is on the rise, and colonization will aid in sending convicted criminals to work in farms in colonized regions in order to reduce tax payments that emanate from rehabilitating criminals in England. Gerhard Mercator (1512-1594), a Belgian cartographer (mapmaker), created a more accurate map that was especially useful for ocean navigators. These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare[4] and other authors. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." He became acquainted with the most important sea captains and merchants of England and . He is known for promoting early English exploration of North America. [20], Hakluyt was married twice, once in or about 1594[5] and again in 1604. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. Richard Hakluyt | Biography, Significance, & Facts | Britannica That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. . Corrections? [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons for Colonization, 1585 The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. His medieval polemic concern becomes clearer when he mentions non-Christians who need to be defeated. All rights reserved. The inter-European rivalry appears to be the main theme in this literature. must. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. This can be interpreted to mean understanding the weaknesses and strengths of the colonized. "[21], Hakluyt prepared an English translation of Dutch jurist Hugo Grotius' Mare Liberum (1609),[22] a treatise that sought to demonstrate that the Dutch had the right to trade freely in the East Indies, contrary to Spanish and Portuguese claims of sovereignty over the seas,[23] in the early 17th century. From an early age, he was fascinated by geography and the prospect of the colonization of America. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. Richard Hakluyt | Encyclopedia.com He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. [32], The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. PDF English Reasons for Colonization1 Additional reasons for colonization
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